Massachusetts Wastewater Practice Exam

In a pump system, insufficient flow can lead to cavitation, which occurs when the pressure in the pump drops below the vapor pressure of the fluid being pumped. When this happens, vapor bubbles form in the liquid and can collapse violently, resulting in shock waves that can damage the pump's internal components. This phenomenon not only compromises the pump's efficiency and lifespan but can also lead to significant operational issues, including noise and vibration, which can further exacerbate equipment wear.

Understanding cavitation is crucial for effective pump operation; it highlights the importance of maintaining adequate flow rates to ensure that the pump operates within the recommended parameters. Recognizing and preventing cavitation helps in maintaining overall system reliability and preventing costly repairs or replacements.

Other potential issues associated with insufficient flow, such as heating of the fluid and decreased efficiency, contribute to the overall challenges in pump operation but do not directly represent the most critical or immediate concern, which is the destructive nature of cavitation.